{"id":591,"date":"2024-05-17T12:05:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T09:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/?p=591"},"modified":"2024-05-17T12:05:50","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T09:05:50","slug":"dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/noutati\/dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro\/","title":{"rendered":"Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 \u2013 ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre acest concept care st\u0103 la baza tr\u0103s\u0103turilor g\u00e2ndirii micu\u021bului t\u0103u | Autograf.ro"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poz\u0103 de Andrea Piacquadio pe Pexels<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cenc\u0103 din primele clipe de via\u021b\u0103, copiii \u00eencep s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu mediul ce \u00eei \u00eenconjoar\u0103 \u0219i treptat, asimileaz\u0103 informa\u021bii, imagini \u0219i elemente care \u00eei ajut\u0103 s\u0103 se dezvolte. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 procesul fiziologic de cre\u0219tere a corpului, principalele func\u021bii ale organismului se formeaz\u0103 \u0219i se extind, al\u0103turi de un concept cunoscut drept \u201edezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De-a lungul timpului, mul\u021bi speciali\u0219ti \u0219i-au concentrat cercetarea asupra acestui element \u0219i au dorit s\u0103 afle tot mai multe detalii, dar \u0219i cum poate fi el influen\u021bat pozitiv ori negativ.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a57920ddfb02\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a57920ddfb02\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/noutati\/dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro\/#Dezvoltarea_cognitiva_%E2%80%93_ce_inseamna_teoria_dezvoltarii_cognitive\" >Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 &#8211; ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 teoria dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/noutati\/dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro\/#De_la_ce_varsta_incepe_dezvoltarea_cognitiva_a_copilului_si_care_sunt_stadiile_parcurse\" >De la ce v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eencepe dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a copilului \u0219i care sunt stadiile parcurse?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/noutati\/dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro\/#Ce_activitati_pentru_dezvoltarea_cognitiva_pot_practica_parintii\" >Ce activit\u0103\u021bi pentru dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 pot practica p\u0103rin\u021bii?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/noutati\/dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro\/#Care_sunt_factorii_ce_pot_conduce_la_dezvoltarea_sau_intarzierea_in_dezvoltarea_cognitiva\" >Care sunt factorii ce pot conduce la dezvoltarea sau \u00eent\u00e2rzierea \u00een dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dezvoltarea_cognitiva_%E2%80%93_ce_inseamna_teoria_dezvoltarii_cognitive\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 &#8211; ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 teoria dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-592 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.-Ce-reprezinta-de-fapt-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-fetita-uitandu-se-intr-o-carte.jpg\" alt=\"fetita uitandu-se intr-o carte\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.-Ce-reprezinta-de-fapt-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-fetita-uitandu-se-intr-o-carte.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.-Ce-reprezinta-de-fapt-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-fetita-uitandu-se-intr-o-carte-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.-Ce-reprezinta-de-fapt-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-fetita-uitandu-se-intr-o-carte-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.-Ce-reprezinta-de-fapt-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-fetita-uitandu-se-intr-o-carte-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poz\u0103 de Kha Ruxury pe Pexels<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 se refer\u0103 la schimb\u0103rile \u0219i dezvoltarea abilit\u0103\u021bilor cognitive pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce copilul cre\u0219te \u0219i se maturizeaz\u0103. Un exemplu de dezvoltare cognitiv\u0103 este apari\u021bia abilit\u0103\u021bilor lingvistice la copii \u00een primii 3 ani de via\u021b\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se credea c\u00e2ndva c\u0103 dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 la bebe este un concept mult prea avansat pentru v\u00e2rsta respectiv\u0103. Creierul unui copil a fost uneori asem\u0103nat cu un vas gol care a\u0219tepta s\u0103 fie umplut cu informa\u021biile furnizate de altcineva. Se credea, de asemenea, c\u0103 limbajul este o condi\u021bie prealabil\u0103 pentru g\u00e2ndirea abstract\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103, \u00een absen\u021ba ei, un bebelu\u0219 nu ar putea avea cuno\u0219tin\u021be.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu alte cuvinte, conceptul \u00eenseamn\u0103 dezvoltarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de a g\u00e2ndi \u0219i a ra\u021biona. \u00cen acest sens, c\u00e2nd se pune problema despre dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 la pre\u0219colari, ace\u0219tia se afl\u0103 deja \u00eentr-un stadiu \u00een care judec\u0103 lucrurile \u00eentr-un mod foarte ra\u021bional.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adolescen\u021ba este, de fapt, etapa ce marcheaz\u0103 \u00eenceputul dezvolt\u0103rii unor procese de g\u00e2ndire mai complexe (numite \u0219i opera\u021bii logice formale). Aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 a vie\u021bii poate manifesta g\u00e2ndirea abstract\u0103 \u0219i capacitatea de a-\u0219i forma propriile idei sau \u00eentreb\u0103ri noi. Poate include, de asemenea, capacitatea de a lua \u00een considerare multe puncte de vedere, de a compara sau de a dezbate idei sau opinii, precum \u0219i de a lua \u00een considerare procesul de g\u00e2ndire.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"De_la_ce_varsta_incepe_dezvoltarea_cognitiva_a_copilului_si_care_sunt_stadiile_parcurse\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De la ce v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eencepe dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a copilului \u0219i care sunt stadiile parcurse?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-593 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.1.-De-la-ce-varsta-incepe-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-a-copilului-si-care-sunt-stadiile-parcurse_baietel-jucandu-se-cu-mingea-in-natura.jpg\" alt=\"baietel jucandu-se cu mingea in natura\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.1.-De-la-ce-varsta-incepe-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-a-copilului-si-care-sunt-stadiile-parcurse_baietel-jucandu-se-cu-mingea-in-natura.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.1.-De-la-ce-varsta-incepe-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-a-copilului-si-care-sunt-stadiile-parcurse_baietel-jucandu-se-cu-mingea-in-natura-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.1.-De-la-ce-varsta-incepe-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-a-copilului-si-care-sunt-stadiile-parcurse_baietel-jucandu-se-cu-mingea-in-natura-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.1.-De-la-ce-varsta-incepe-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-a-copilului-si-care-sunt-stadiile-parcurse_baietel-jucandu-se-cu-mingea-in-natura-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poz\u0103 de Sides Imagery pe Pexels<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De-a lungul secolului al XX-lea, cercet\u0103torii din domenii precum psihologie \u0219i neuro\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au subliniat c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 de la na\u0219tere (unii sugereaz\u0103 chiar \u00eenainte de na\u0219tere), sugarii folosesc \u00een mod activ procesele cognitive pentru a \u00een\u021belege \u0219i a interac\u021biona cu lumea. De exemplu, studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 nou-n\u0103scu\u021bii sunt capabili s\u0103 diferen\u021bieze diverse fe\u021be \u0219i s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 vocea mamei lor. Cu alte cuvinte, se poate discuta despre dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a copilului la 0-3 ani, chiar de la primele interac\u021biuni cu<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/creativitate-pentru-copii\/jocuri.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jocurile de copii<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sau cu persoanele apropiate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Piaget a considerat aceast\u0103 dezvoltare a abilit\u0103\u021bilor cognitive ca av\u00e2nd loc \u00een stadii discrete. Astfel, teoria dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive a lui Piaget cuprinde patru etape distincte.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Stadiul de folosire a reflexelor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; este primul stadiu al dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive a copilului. Dureaz\u0103 de la na\u0219tere p\u00e2n\u0103 la aproximativ 2 ani. \u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, bebelu\u0219ii \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 despre lumea lor prin experien\u021be senzoriale precum v\u0103zul \u0219i auzul \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi motorii, cum ar fi atingerea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un aspect cheie \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 este dezvoltarea unui sentiment de prezen\u021b\u0103 a obiectului. De exemplu, la \u00eenceputul acestei etape, dac\u0103 a\u0219ezi o<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/creativitate-pentru-copii\/jucarii.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">juc\u0103rie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sub o p\u0103tur\u0103, copilul se comport\u0103 ca \u0219i cum aceasta pur \u0219i simplu ar fi disp\u0103rut. Un copil care a \u00een\u021beles conceptul de prezen\u021b\u0103 a obiectului \u0219tie c\u0103 este acolo \u0219i \u00eel poate c\u0103uta. Astfel, copiii ajung s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 obiectele exist\u0103 chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd nu le pot vedea. Se consider\u0103 c\u0103 odat\u0103 ce micu\u021bul \u00een\u021belege prezen\u021ba obiectelor, va putea trece la urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 a func\u021bion\u0103rii cognitive \u2013 etapa preopera\u021bional\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Etapa preopera\u021bional\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; de la 2 la 6-7 ani, copiii mici \u00eencep s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte abilit\u0103\u021bile lingvistice \u0219i de g\u00e2ndire abstract\u0103. Ei sunt capabili s\u0103 se g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 la concepte \u0219i idei care nu sunt \u00een primul r\u00e2nd fizice. Dezvoltarea cognitive a copilului de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5 ani presupune folosirea imaginilor mentale mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t concentrarea \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pe obiecte sau oameni. De exemplu, ei se angajeaz\u0103 activ \u00een jocuri de simulare, deseneaz\u0103, se folosesc de<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/creativitate-pentru-copii\/art-craft.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">articole Arts and Crafts de copii<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i vorbesc despre lucruri care s-au \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een trecut.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Etapa opera\u021bional\u0103 propriu-zis\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 deja este vorba despre dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a \u0219colarului mic. De la aproximativ 7 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 11 ani, copiii \u00eencep s\u0103 dezvolte abilit\u0103\u021bi de g\u00e2ndire logic\u0103, concret\u0103. Ei \u00eencep s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 regulile despre obiectele fizice, cum ar fi \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea, greutatea \u0219i volumul. De exemplu, dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 \u0219i cunoa\u0219terea lumii la pre\u0219colari sunt marcate de momentul \u00een care ace\u0219tia ajung s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile unui obiect r\u0103m\u00e2n acelea\u0219i, chiar dac\u0103 aspectul se schimb\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, copiii devin, de asemenea, capabili s\u0103 rezolve probleme, folosindu-se de<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/rechizite-scolare-smart.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rechizite \u0219colare smart<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare numeroase rezultate \u0219i perspective.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Etapa opera\u021bional\u0103 formal\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; de la 11 sau 12 ani, copiii dezvolt\u0103 g\u00e2ndirea logic\u0103 \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile de rezolvare a problemelor. G\u00e2ndirea abstract\u0103 caracterizeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 \u0219i se pot g\u00e2ndi la situa\u021bii ipotetice cu solu\u021bii alternative. Ei ajung s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 concepte abstracte. De exemplu, ei pot \u00een\u021belege conceptul de justi\u021bie.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Piaget credea c\u0103 to\u021bi copiii progreseaz\u0103 prin aceste stadii ale dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive, dar difer\u0103 \u00een ritmul \u00een care o fac.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 la adolescen\u021bi (\u00eentre 12 \u0219i 18 ani) este pu\u021bin diferit\u0103. Adolescentul \u00een curs de dezvoltare dob\u00e2nde\u0219te capacitatea de a g\u00e2ndi sistematic la toate rela\u021biile logice din cadrul unei probleme. Trecerea de la g\u00e2ndirea concret\u0103 la opera\u021biile logice formale are loc \u00een timp.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fiecare adolescent progreseaz\u0103 \u00een ritmul s\u0103u \u00een dezvoltarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de a g\u00e2ndi \u00een moduri mai complexe. Fiecare adolescent \u00ee\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 propria viziune asupra lumii. Unii adolescen\u021bi pot fi capabili s\u0103 aplice opera\u021bii logice la \u0219coal\u0103 \u00eenainte de a le putea aplica problemelor personale. C\u00e2nd apar probleme emo\u021bionale, ele pot ad\u0103uga un nivel suplimentar de complexitate pentru ra\u021bionamentul cognitiv al unui adolescent. Abilitatea de a lua \u00een considerare posibilit\u0103\u021bile, emo\u021biile \u0219i faptele poate afecta luarea deciziilor \u00een moduri pozitive sau negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anumite elemente care sugereaz\u0103 trecerea de la o dezvoltare cognitiv\u0103 mai simpl\u0103 la mai complex\u0103 sunt reprezentate de:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adolescen\u021ba timpurie<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen timpul acestei perioade, utilizarea unei g\u00e2ndiri mai complexe se concentreaz\u0103 pe luarea deciziilor personale \u00een mediul de acas\u0103 \u0219i cel de la \u0219coal\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103 demonstreze utilizarea opera\u021biilor logice formale \u00een temele \u0219colare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103 pun\u0103 sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii autoritatea \u0219i standardele societ\u0103\u021bii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103-\u0219i formeze \u0219i s\u0103-\u0219i verbalizeze propriile g\u00e2nduri \u0219i puncte de vedere pe o varietate de subiecte. Acestea sunt de obicei mai legate de propria lor via\u021b\u0103, cum ar fi:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce sport pot practica?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen ce grupuri este mai bine s\u0103 fiu inclus?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce aspect personal este atractiv?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce reguli parentale ar trebui schimbate?<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adolescen\u021ba propriu-zis\u0103<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen acest interval de timp, accentul este pus pe elemente mai profunde, chiar cu o tent\u0103 filosofic\u0103:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Adesea \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u0219i analize mai ample<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Se g\u00e2nde\u0219te \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103-\u0219i formeze propriul cod de etic\u0103 (ce cred c\u0103 este corect?)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Se g\u00e2nde\u0219te la diferite posibilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte propria identitate (cine sunt eu?)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se g\u00e2nde\u0219te \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare posibile obiective viitoare (ce vreau?)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Se g\u00e2nde\u0219te \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103 propriile planuri<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103 g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 \u0219i pe termen lung<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103 se g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 la cum s\u0103 influen\u021beze rela\u021biile cu ceilal\u021bi<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adolescen\u021ba t\u00e2rzie<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen timpul adolescen\u021bei t\u00e2rzii, procesele de g\u00e2ndire complexe sunt folosite pentru a se concentra pe concepte mai pu\u021bin individualiste \u0219i pe luarea deciziilor personale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Cre\u0219terea g\u00e2ndurilor despre concepte ce \u021bin de latura social\u0103, cum ar fi justi\u021bia, istoria \u0219i politica<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Dezvolt\u0103 opinii idealiste asupra unor subiecte sau preocup\u0103ri specifice<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 Dezbate \u0219i dezvolt\u0103 intoleran\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de opinii opuse<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103 se concentreze asupra lu\u0103rii deciziilor de carier\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00cencepe s\u0103 se concentreze asupra rolului emergent \u00een societatea adult\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_activitati_pentru_dezvoltarea_cognitiva_pot_practica_parintii\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce activit\u0103\u021bi pentru dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 pot practica p\u0103rin\u021bii?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-598 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.2.-Ce-activitati-pentru-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-pot-practica-parintii_mama-jucandu-se-cu-bebelusul-ei.jpg\" alt=\"mama jucandu-se cu bebelusul ei\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.2.-Ce-activitati-pentru-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-pot-practica-parintii_mama-jucandu-se-cu-bebelusul-ei.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.2.-Ce-activitati-pentru-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-pot-practica-parintii_mama-jucandu-se-cu-bebelusul-ei-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.2.-Ce-activitati-pentru-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-pot-practica-parintii_mama-jucandu-se-cu-bebelusul-ei-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1.2.-Ce-activitati-pentru-dezvoltarea-cognitiva-pot-practica-parintii_mama-jucandu-se-cu-bebelusul-ei-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poz\u0103 de Ivan Samkov pe Pexels<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a bebelu\u0219ilor, copiilor \u0219i adolescen\u021bilor poate fi sus\u021binut\u0103 prin diverse activit\u0103\u021bi care s\u0103 stimuleze g\u00e2ndirea, creativitatea \u0219i rezolvarea problemelor. \u00cen func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103, exist\u0103 mai multe tipuri de activit\u0103\u021bi ce pot fi practicate.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bebelu\u0219i (0-2 ani):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jocuri senzoriale: Expunerea la diferite materiale \u0219i texturi, sunete, culori \u0219i mi\u0219care poate stimula dezvoltarea sistemului nervos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interac\u021biune social\u0103: Interac\u021biunea cu p\u0103rin\u021bii sau rudele apropiate dezvolt\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bile sociale \u0219i capacitatea de comunicare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juc\u0103rii interactive: Juc\u0103riile care r\u0103spund la ac\u021biunile copilului, cum ar fi cele de \u00eempins sau cutiu\u021bele muzicale, \u00eei pot ajuta s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 conceptul de \u201ecauz\u0103 \u0219i efect\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2ntec \u0219i povestire: C\u00e2ntecele \u0219i citirea pove\u0219tilor \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc vocabularul \u0219i \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 dezvoltarea limbajului.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Copii mici (3-6 ani):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jocuri de rol: Acestea \u00eei permit copilului s\u0103-\u0219i foloseasc\u0103 imagina\u021bia \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be despre lumea din jurul lor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puzzle-uri \u0219i jocuri de construc\u021bie: Acestea dezvolt\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bile de rezolvare a problemelor \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc coordonarea ochi-m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Activit\u0103\u021bi artistice: Desenul, pictura \u0219i modelarea cu plastilin\u0103 sporesc creativitatea \u0219i exprimarea artistic\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jocuri de memorie: Jocurile care necesit\u0103 memorare, precum cele cu multe cartona\u0219e, contribuie la dezvoltarea memoriei \u0219i concentr\u0103rii.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0218colari (7-12 ani):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jocuri de strategie: Jocurile video care necesit\u0103 planificare \u0219i strategie \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe copii s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte g\u00e2ndirea logic\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Activit\u0103\u021bi \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i experimentale: Experimentele simple \u0219i observarea fenomenelor naturale \u00eei \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 pe copii s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u0219i s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri prin observare \u0219i experimentare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dezvoltarea abilit\u0103\u021bilor de citire \u0219i scriere: Lectura \u0219i interac\u021biunea cu<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/instrumente-de-scris-inovatoare.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">instrumentele de scris<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc abilit\u0103\u021bile lingvistice \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 imagina\u021bia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Activit\u0103\u021bi sportive \u0219i de echip\u0103: Participarea la sporturi \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi de echip\u0103 \u00eei \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 pe copii despre colaborare \u0219i ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 echipa, fair-play \u0219i gestionarea emo\u021biilor.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Adolescen\u021bi (13-18 ani):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proiecte de cercetare \u0219i prezent\u0103ri: Lucrul la proiecte de cercetare \u0219i prezent\u0103ri \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe adolescen\u021bi s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte abilit\u0103\u021bile de cercetare, analiz\u0103 critic\u0103 \u0219i prezentare oral\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dezvoltarea abilit\u0103\u021bilor tehnologice: \u00cenv\u0103\u021barea program\u0103rii sau lucrul cu software-uri creative \u00eei poate ajuta pe adolescen\u021bi s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte g\u00e2ndirea logic\u0103 \u0219i creativ\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voluntariatul \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bile comunitare: Implicarea \u00een activit\u0103\u021bi care servesc comunitatea \u00eei \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 pe adolescen\u021bi responsabilitatea social\u0103 \u0219i empatie.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Care_sunt_factorii_ce_pot_conduce_la_dezvoltarea_sau_intarzierea_in_dezvoltarea_cognitiva\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Care sunt factorii ce pot conduce la dezvoltarea sau \u00eent\u00e2rzierea \u00een dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-599 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2.-Care-sunt-factorii-ce-pot-conduce-la-dezvoltarea-sau-chiar-intarzierea-in-dezvoltarea-cognitiva_mama-stand-cu-copiii-ei.jpg\" alt=\"mama stand cu copiii ei\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2.-Care-sunt-factorii-ce-pot-conduce-la-dezvoltarea-sau-chiar-intarzierea-in-dezvoltarea-cognitiva_mama-stand-cu-copiii-ei.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2.-Care-sunt-factorii-ce-pot-conduce-la-dezvoltarea-sau-chiar-intarzierea-in-dezvoltarea-cognitiva_mama-stand-cu-copiii-ei-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2.-Care-sunt-factorii-ce-pot-conduce-la-dezvoltarea-sau-chiar-intarzierea-in-dezvoltarea-cognitiva_mama-stand-cu-copiii-ei-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2.-Care-sunt-factorii-ce-pot-conduce-la-dezvoltarea-sau-chiar-intarzierea-in-dezvoltarea-cognitiva_mama-stand-cu-copiii-ei-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poz\u0103 de PNW Production pe Pexels<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acum c\u0103 ai \u00een\u021beles ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103, care sunt stadiile acesteia, dar \u0219i cum poate fi stimulat\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 descoperi \u0219i principalii factori ce o pot influen\u021ba.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Factori genetici<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Mo\u0219tenirea genetic\u0103 poate juca un rol semnificativ \u00een dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a unei persoane. Anumite gene pot influen\u021ba abilit\u0103\u021bile cognitive \u0219i pot predispune la anumite tulbur\u0103ri cognitive sau de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare. De exemplu, anumite muta\u021bii genetice pot fi asociate cu tulbur\u0103ri cum ar fi sindromul Down sau tulbur\u0103rile de spectru autist. Cu toate acestea, cercet\u0103rile din domeniul psihologiei \u0219i medicinei au permis ca \u00een prezent s\u0103 se practice multe activit\u0103\u021bi care permit dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul anomaliilor cromozomiale.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Factori prenatali<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Experien\u021bele \u0219i influen\u021bele din timpul sarcinii pot avea un impact semnificativ asupra dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive a copilului. De exemplu, expunerea la substan\u021be toxice, malnutri\u021bia matern\u0103 sau stresul prenatal pot afecta dezvoltarea creierului fetal \u0219i pot duce la \u00eent\u00e2rzieri cognitive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Factori de mediu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, inclusiv calitatea hranei, accesul la \u00eengrijire medical\u0103 \u0219i stimularea mental\u0103 poate influen\u021ba dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a copilului. Copiii care cresc \u00een medii bogate \u00een stimulare cognitiv\u0103, precum accesul la c\u0103r\u021bi, jocuri educative \u0219i interac\u021biuni sociale, au de regul\u0103 mai multe \u0219anse s\u0103 se dezvolte mai rapid, chiar \u0219i din punct de vedere cognitiv.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Experien\u021be de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i interac\u021biuni sociale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Interac\u021biunile cu p\u0103rin\u021bii, cadrele didactice \u0219i al\u021bi copii joac\u0103 un rol foarte important \u00een dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a unui copil. De exemplu, conversa\u021biile cu adul\u021bii, jocurile interactive \u0219i explorarea mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor pot contribui la dezvoltarea abilit\u0103\u021bilor cognitive, cum ar fi limbajul \u0219i g\u00e2ndirea logic\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Nutri\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Hrana adecvat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea general\u0103 sunt foarte importante pentru dezvoltarea creierului \u0219i a abilit\u0103\u021bilor cognitive. Deficien\u021bele nutri\u021bionale, precum lipsa de fier sau iod \u00een diet\u0103, pot afecta negativ dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103. De asemenea, afec\u021biunile medicale sau traumatismele cerebrale pot avea un impact semnificativ asupra func\u021bion\u0103rii cognitive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Stresul \u0219i traumele<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stresul cronic sau traumele din copil\u0103rie pot avea un impact negativ asupra dezvolt\u0103rii cognitive. Copiii expu\u0219i la stres prelungit sau traume pot prezenta dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een controlul emo\u021biilor, concentrare \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Factori socio-economici<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Statutul socio-economic al unei familii poate influen\u021ba accesul la resurse \u0219i servicii care pot sus\u021bine dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 a copilului. Familii cu resurse financiare limitate pot avea dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een oferirea unui mediu stimulativ \u0219i \u00een accesul la servicii medicale \u0219i educa\u021bionale de calitate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen final, se poate spune despre dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 c\u0103 este rezultatul unei interac\u021biuni complexe \u00eentre factorii genetici, biologici \u0219i de mediu. \u00cen\u021beleg\u00e2nd to\u021bi ace\u0219ti factori \u0219i \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de toate recomand\u0103rile de activit\u0103\u021bi pe care p\u0103rin\u021bii le pot practica \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rsta copilului, se pot asigura toate condi\u021biile potrivite pentru dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 armonioas\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poz\u0103 de Andrea Piacquadio pe Pexels \u00cenc\u0103 din primele clipe de via\u021b\u0103, copiii \u00eencep s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu mediul ce \u00eei \u00eenconjoar\u0103 \u0219i treptat, asimileaz\u0103 informa\u021bii, imagini \u0219i elemente care \u00eei ajut\u0103 s\u0103 se dezvolte. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 procesul fiziologic de cre\u0219tere a corpului, principalele func\u021bii ale organismului se formeaz\u0103 \u0219i se extind, al\u0103turi de un concept&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/noutati\/dezvoltarea-cognitiva-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-acest-concept-care-sta-la-baza-trasaturilor-gandirii-micutului-tau-autograf-ro\/\">Continu\u0103 lectura <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Dezvoltarea cognitiv\u0103 \u2013 ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre acest concept care st\u0103 la baza tr\u0103s\u0103turilor g\u00e2ndirii micu\u021bului t\u0103u | Autograf.ro<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":600,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[151,152,153,108,55,47,41],"brand":[],"class_list":["post-591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noutati","tag-jocuri","tag-jocuri-educative","tag-jucarii","tag-lego","tag-lista-rechizite-liceu","tag-rechizite","tag-rechizite-scolare","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=591"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":603,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions\/603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=591"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/autograf.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}